Vertigo:
A Novel in Woodcuts by Lynd Ward is about the Great Depression and the effects
it has on three characters with interlocking stories. Very early in the book,
within the very first section there is a speech about America’s history. The
meaning of the history presented in ‘1929’ is about lost potential. It is
presented as a speech about the capability and bright futures of the girl and
boy characters, but given the circumstances that later befall the country and
characters, that potential is not realized and the bright future everyone is
looking forward to proves false.
Looking
at the individual images in and surrounding the history, you can see a lot of
important details. First off, it’s pretty clear that the speech is told as part
of the graduation ceremony of the girl and boy. As a commencement speech, it is
meant to inspire the young graduates to go out into the world and hopefully do
great things. Its inclusion in the greater narrative is there to show how the
girl and boy could have gone out and found their ways in the world had things
been different.
The
history begins with a ship sailing towards a bright and shining star. While you
know the ship is headed towards America, that star is an important symbol. The
image of a single star reoccurs throughout the novel. It seems to represent the
potential that the future holds. Sure enough, when the girl and boy go out to
celebrate after the graduation, a single star is brightly shining in the sky.
As the story progresses, however, the star seems to become smaller and smaller.
You can see it when the girl is in line for relief and when the boy is going in
for a transplant with the old man. At those points, though, the star is so
diminished that it can be hard to make out. The symbol even appears a few times
in the elderly man’s story, but it is not nearly as prominent as the man is
older and has less future ahead of him.
Most
of the rest of the speech is all about hard work and industry. First there are
men in the woods, hacking away at trees. Then you see them plowing and
protecting their fields. After that you see a town being built, and then there
is an image of men fighting in the American Revolution. Following, the fighting
there are images of people traveling west and toiling to build the transcontinental
railroad. The second to last panel of the history depicts construction workers
in a city building a skyscraper. All of these images are of labor and strife.
They are of hard work, laying down the foundations of the country and then
building upon them.
In
the very last panel of the history, you see the speaker standing triumphantly
in front of a great city. The sun shines over everything, the brightest star in
the sky. The message that the speaker is trying to make is that with lots of
hard work, the graduates can build themselves a bright and prosperous future.
The world is in their hands. Of course, this is not the full story. It is
merely a short section in the very beginning of the novel. As the story
progresses, it goes about showing just how wrong the message of the history is.
When
the ceremony is over, the boy and girl hand their diplomas off to the girl’s
father and go out to celebrate. They visit a fortune teller, who seems to
confirm that their futures will be just as prosperous as the history promised.
The girl will be a great violinist and the boy will work in construction. They
continue to celebrate by riding amusement park rides and dancing, but their
frolicking is cut short by an awful storm. Clouds cover the star and the two
characters are forced to run for cover from the rain.
In
the rest of the novel, all of the characters’ lives fall apart around them. The
girl’s father is laid off of work and, when they can no longer pay for their
home, he attempts suicide and fails. The girl and her father are then evicted
from their home and find themselves struggling for relief. The boy sets out to
look for work, but his endless searching is fruitless. He travels far and puts
out everything he has to offer, but his hard work leads him nowhere. Even the
elderly gentleman is greatly affected. His finances plummet out of control and
he is forced to take worse and worse measures just to hold onto what he has.
None of the characters have any control over their lives at this point. None of
their hard work means anything when the system around them fails. The history
speech’s message that their labor will give them a brighter future is foiled.
All of the potential they had was lost due to reasons beyond their influence.
I loved your explanation for the meaning of America in 1929. I think the phrase “lost potential” is really accurate. I also found it impressive that you caught on to the fact that the story starts off as part of a graduation speech, especially since we spoke about it in class. I was also impressed that you recognized the star as an important detail. I completely overlooked these details when I read it.
ReplyDeleteAs far as expanding, I think you could add a section about how the elderly man’s potential is lost. He is also a large part of this novel and I feel that you skipped over him. You also could give examples of what the boy and girl's potential would have been had they had a brighter future. This way the reader can have a visual instead of trying to think of one. It also puts it into perspective what exactly they lost.
Your analysis about America’s foundation and building upon them was great. I liked that you used specific images from throughout the book. However, I think that you should expand on the history of America aside from these characters. Bringing in a connection from the real-life Great Depression would be a great way to further the “lost potential” of America in 1929. Overall, I really enjoyed this piece and I thought you analyzed the novel extremely well!
Your summary of the speech and what it means, broadly speaking, is completely fine. What I wanted to see, but didn't see, was a clearer indication of where this summary was going, or what purpose it was serving. Maybe the summary of the speech could have been shorter, or maybe it could have simply more clearly indicated what you were doing with it. Summarization is something you should only do toward a purpose.
ReplyDeleteHere's the trouble that summarization gets you into: "The history speech’s message that their labor will give them a brighter future is foiled. All of the potential they had was lost due to reasons beyond their influence." On one, rather obvious level, this is clearly true - things are much, much harder and less reliable than they were promised. But on a deeper level, isn't the whole book about how they deal with their problems, including the broken promise of their future?
In short, you spend so much effort summarizing relatively direct material that you fail to address the complications that go beyond the summary.
Look at this part of the prompt: "You should analyze details of images both in that pocket history of America and in other parts of the book in order to come to your conclusion. In other words, do not rely on easy generalizations - work with the details." You actually do pretty well analyzing the "pocket history" - but you do almost to the complete exclusion of analyzing other parts of the book - hence, you fall into broad generalizations in spite of your strong analysis of the "pocket history."